ScienceDaily (June 1, 2009) — A study by Indiana University researchers found that athletes’ elevated or heavier breathing at sea level immediately following high-altitude training accounts for a substantial amount of the gains from the high-altitude training. The heavy breathing is temporary, however, said Robert Chapman, lecturer in IU’s Department of Kinesiology, and makes a case for why athletes should consider giving themselves one week to 10 days at sea level before a major competition.